Eye

Disease of Orbit: Proptosis, Orbital Fracture, and Orbital Cellulitis

Proptosis refers to the abnormal forward displacement of the eyeball.

Disease of Orbit: Proptosis, Orbital Fracture, and Orbital Cellulitis

Proptosis Definition Proptosis refers to the abnormal forward displacement of the eyeball. Exophthalmos : Proptosis specifically due to thyroid eye disease. Normal values: Adults: <20 mm Difference >2 mm between eyes is significant. Causes Inflammatory : Orbital cellulitis, thyroid eye disease (Graves' ophthalmopathy) Neoplastic : Orbital lymphoma, optic nerve glioma, meningioma Trauma : Orbital fracture with hemorrhage Vascular : Carotid-cavernous fistula, orbital varix Infectious : Orbital cellulitis, fungal infections (e.g., mucormycosis) Congenital : Craniofacial syndromes (e.g., Crouzon syndrome) Signs and Symptoms Forward protrusion of the eye Diplopia (double vision) Pain or tenderness Chemosis (conjunctival swelling) Decreased visual acuity Restriction of eye movements Exposure keratopathy Investigations Clinical Examination : Hertel exophthalmometry, ocular motility assessment Imaging : CT scan of orbit (trauma, infection, tumor) MRI orbit (soft tissue details, tumors) Laboratory Tests : Thyroid func…

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